luke 13:8 commentary

Luke 13:8 Context. This is an in-depth study of the book of Luke based on the Concordia Commentary. 4. “Hours rolled on, and his powers of endurance were well-nigh exhausted; when at length the welcome streaks of light shot up from the eastern horizon. And he answering said unto him, Lord, let it alone this year also, till I shall And he answering said unto him, Lord, let it alone this year also, till I shall dig about it, and dung, Perhaps it will bear fruit; but if not, thou mayest afterward cut it down. The Kingdom of God Luke 13:18-21 All through Jesus’ ministry He has experienced opposition. 5. Here is a supposition of future incorrigibleness, After that thou shalt cut it down: that is, after thou hast spared it, and I have pruned it; after thy patience and my pains; after thou hast forborne it, and I have manured it, digged and dunged it; if after all this, it bear no fruit, then I have not a word more to say, Thou shalt cut it down. III. The digging was for the purpose of casting in the manure near the roots. 9 If it bears fruit next year, fine. Jesus, Women, and Men. Forerunner Commentary Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown John Wesley's Notes Matthew Henry People's Commentary (NT) Robertson's Word Pictures (NT) Scofield: Definitions: Interlinear: Library: Topical Studies: X-References: Commentaries: No entry exists in Adam Clarke for Luke 13:8. Benson Commentary Luke 13:8-9. The Ethiopic version renders it, "until the winter", that being a time for digging about, and dunging of trees, as follows. A brief respite is asked for, and whatever intercessor may be here represented, there is never any certainty of more than a brief one. I know thousands will say that, even when we have manfully resolved to let all that is unworthy die, it is not easy; nay, it is very hard. 3 No, I tell you; but unless you repent, you will all perish as they did. — Christ, as Intercessor, loath to see it cut down so long as there was any hope (see Luke 13:34). & Bartenora in ib. This parable is to be taken in connection with what goes before, and with our Saviour's calling the Jewish nation to repentance. All of those people, he promises, are “blessed” (makarios in Greek). Lord, let it alone this year also, until I shall dig about it, and dung it - loosen the earth about it and enrich it with manure: pointing to changes of method in the divine treatment of the impenitent, in order to fresh spiritual culture. Digging is a painful work, and a spending work: and such is our ministerial work, if followed as it ought to be. Sin is the poison which is death to the soul; the Cross of Christ is the certain cure. These are the beginning of birth pains." The dresser was perhaps intended to denote the Saviour and the other messengers of God, pleading that God would spare the Jews, and save them from their enemies that stood ready to destroy them, as soon as God should permit. upon which their commentators say (l), that they carry dung into their gardens to moisten the earth, and dig about the roots of the trees, and lay them bare, and cover them again, and prune them, and smoke them to kill the worms. We may also remark that God treats sinners in this manner now; that he spares them long; that he gives them opportunities of repentance; that many live but to cumber the ground; that they are not only useless to the church, but pernicious to the world; that in due time, when they are fairly tried, they shall be cut down; and that the universe will bow to the awful decree of God, and say that their damnation is just. And he answered and said to him, ‘Let it alone, sir, for this year too, until I dig around it and put in fertilizer; To report dead links, typos, or html errors or suggestions about making these resources more useful use the convenient, Baker Evangelical Dictionary of Biblical Theology, Hastings' Dictionary of the New Testament, International Standard Bible Encyclopedia. John Piper Jun 4, 1989 75 Shares God is most glorified in us when we are most satisfied in him Learn more about Desiring God Desiring God. This year also. Luke, probably more than any other Gospel writer, seeks to show us that very thing. The vinedresser’s suggestion indicates that this is their last chance. Follow Desiring … till I shall dig about it, and dung it; these same phrases are used in the "Misna" (k), , "they dung and dig" in gardens of cucumbers, and gourds, until the beginning of the year:''. Which, if understood of God the Father, may intend the intercession of Christ with him, who not only intercedes for his elect, for those that are unconverted, that they may be converted; and for converted ones, for the carrying on of the work of sanctification; for fresh discoveries of pardoning grace; for consolation and support under trouble; for their final perseverance, and eternal glorification: but also for his enemies, for profane sinners, and for formal professors; for the sake of his own people among them, and for their preservation, and for the averting of divine judgments from them, at least as yet: and so the Jewish nation was spared for some time after this, though now deserving of immediate destruction. OUTLINE: [3 A The Book of the Seven Signs (2:1 -12:50)] [2 B Selected Highlights from the Later Part of Jesus’ Public Ministry: Conflict and Controversy (chapters 5-10)] [5 C Jesus teaches openly in the presence of his opponents in Jerusalem (7:1-8:59)] 3 D Jesus remains in Jerusalem after the Feast (8:1-59) 1 E Jesus and the Adulteress: Interpretation of the Mosaic law (8:1-11) Luke 13:8. 7. We deal in mysteries, in the deep things of God, which are not received without much digging. Reflection Dear sisters and brothers, “Jesus was teaching in a synagogue on the sabbath. Sermon Luke 13:6-9 Another Year of Grace Check out these helpful resources Biblical Commentary Children's Sermons Hymn Lists Luke 13:6-9 Another Year of Grace By Pastor Vince Gerhardy Another year has almost gone and we are on the The Ethiopic version renders it, "until the winter", that being a time for digging about, and dunging of trees, as follows. Whether it is Satan and the demonic realm or the religious leaders or even at times, His own followers His ministry has been opposed. This points out unto us the office and duty of the ministers of God, who are laborers in his vineyard, to be intercessors with God, for sparing a barren and unfruitful people. — loosen the earth about it and enrich it with manure; pointing to changes of method in the divine treatment of the impenitent, in order to freshen spiritual culture. Saints come in many varieties, but in Luke’s Sermon on the Plain Jesus focuses on certain kinds who receive his attention throughout his ministry: the poor, the hungry, the crying, and the hated or ostracized. dig, &c.—loosen the earth about it and enrich it with manure; pointing to changes of method in the divine treatment of the impenitent, in order to freshen spiritual culture. κ., dig holes about the root, and cast in manure, as is done (Trench in loc.) ashes, and they smoke under the trees to kill worms.". Luke 13:10 And he was teaching in one of the synagogues on the sabbath. Till I shall dig, &c.] Donec eam ablaqueavero et stercoravero. If they cannot absolutely prevent judgment coming upon an unfruitful people, yet they endeavor to respite it, and delay its coming all they can. Dr. Thomson ("The Land and the Book," vol. 6. Luke 13:8, ESV: "And he answered him, ‘Sir, let it alone this year also, until I dig around it and put on manure." The son of a farmer looks at cow manure as something which he must endlessly shovel out of the barn—a pain in th… 13:8 And he answering saith unto him, Lord, let it alone this year also, till I shall dig about it, and dung it 1: Luke 13:8,9 Lord, let it alone this year also, till I shall dig about it, and dung it. Mark 13:8 Parallel Verses [⇓ See commentary ⇓] Mark 13:8, NIV: "Nation will rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom.There will be earthquakes in various places, and famines. Audio & Video Commentaries. MESSAGE TO HEROD. It is important to observe that vv. - The word "cumber" here means to render "barren" or "sterile." Internet Verse Search Commentaries Word Analysis ITL - draft. The new light.—And He Who has the power to cleanse us from the sins of the past is the same Holy Friend Who gives the light to walk by in the present and in the future. Therefore cut it down! The condition upon which the vine-dresser's petition is grounded, Till I shall dig about it, and dung it; phrases which intimate unto us the nature and quality of the ministerial work and service, signifying it to be a very difficult and laborious service. Answer: Jesus told the Parable of the Fig Tree—Luke 13:6-9—immediately after reminding His listeners of a tower over the pool of Siloam (John 9:7) which unexpectedly fell and killed eighteen people. When the natives used to go to war they would dip their arrows into the juice that their foes might meet with certain death. The warning is then of judgment to come because they are fruitless. And by these phrases may be signified the various means Christ made use of by his own ministry, and by the ministry of his apostles, to make the Jews a fruitful people; and rather the means Christ's ministers make use of, as did the apostles with the Jews, to reach the cases of barren professors; as by "digging", striking at, and exposing some secret sin or sins, which are the root and source of their barrenness; showing them, that they have no root in Christ, nor the root of the matter in them; and declaring to them the insufficiency of a mere profession of religion to save them: and "dunging", which as it supposes want of heat, or coldness, which is the cause of barrenness, and signifies, that such professors are without spiritual life, and without spiritual heat, or real warmth of love to Christ, his truths, ordinances, and people, and discharge their duty in a cold and lifeless manner; so it may design the means they make use of to warm and fire them with zeal for God, and true religion; by preaching the soul quickening doctrines of the Gospel, and by laying before them the agreeableness of a becoming zeal, and the disagreeableness of a lukewarm spirit and disposition, an indolence and unconcern for the glory of God, and interest of Christ. to orange-trees in the south of Italy: and to hops in England. The call to arise.—The stirring summons and the beautiful promise of St. Paul to the Ephesians should be ringing in our ears and touching our hearts: ‘Awake thou that sleepest, and arise from the dead, and Christ shall give thee light.’ Sins and shortcomings of all kinds, especially those which through the power of the flesh would kill the spirit, must be left dead in the darkness of the past as we arise and come towards the light. —It is the voice of the intercessor. Timelines. —Hollow the earth around the root of the tree, and then pour in the manure, keeping the soil loose and mellow to catch the nourishing dews and rains that a cherishing heaven may send. Secondly, of future incorrigibleness; If not, after that thou shalt cut it down. Thus from beneath and from around and from above is the sinner beset with mercies to save his soul from death. Like the three parables of the lost sheep, coin and sons in Luke 15, Luke 13:1-9 combines two questions related to repentance with a parable which illustrates in more detail the theme of repentance. Luke 13:8 And he answering said unto him, Lord, let it alone this year also, till I shall dig about it, and dung it: Luke 13:9 And if it bear fruit, well: and if not, then after that thou shalt cut it down. Luke 13:8-9 New American Standard Bible (NASB). Christ cures a woman who had been afflicted eighteen years, Luke 13:10-13. Homely as the imagery is, it suggests fertilising and gracious influences not less vividly than the dew or rain from heaven, and points, perhaps, specifically to such as are working on us in our earthly surroundings, as contrasted with the directly supernatural action of God’s grace. “And he answering says to him, “Lord, let it alone this year also, till I shall dig about it, and feed it with manure, and if it bear fruit from then on, well, and if not, you shall cut it down.”. Text Commentaries. When the day dawned the tiger stalked away to a distant thicket, and the stiff and weary watcher felt that he was safe.” Thus it is with the beleagured soul; it is only in the light given by the Sun of Righteousness that our enemies can be put to flight.’. The remark of the dresser that he might "then" cut it down, denotes the acquiescence of all in the belief that such a judgment would be just. Luke 13:8. , one year more; he has not courage to propose a longer time to an impatient owner.— (neuter plural from adjective ), dung stuffs. Knowing that the vineyard's owner had every reason to be disappointed with the barren tree, the keeper intercedes for the tree's life, asking for another year. Luke 19:42; Luke 19:44; and perfected the work of redemption, and sent His apostles: Acts 2. BLB Institute Occasionally, people get confused about this parable. Scripture: Luke 13:10–17. If we look at what they say it probably is a result of Jesus’ challenge in chapter 12. Now, wherever this tree is found there is always another close by, the juice of which, if used in time, is a certain cure.’, (2) ‘There is a story told of a hunter in a far-off land, who had to pass the weary hours of a dark night close to a wounded tiger. 11 Now the parable is this: The seed is the word of God. As we've seen in the Parable of the Mustard Seed, that assumption isn't warranted. Observe, 3. The coming of the owner for fruit, the desire of God that they should produce good works. A more special interpretation is not necessary. The vinedresser is probably intended to be Jesus Who was here to nourish Israel and was giving them one last chance. 31. and depart hence--and "go forward," push on. But rather, the intercession of the ministers of Christ, and other good men, may be here meant; who, as Abraham interceded for Sodom, and Moses and Aaron for Israel, so do they for a sinful nation, a barren and unfruitful church and people, and particular persons, that they may be spared, at least a little longer, as here: let it alone this year also; have patience one year more, or a little while longer. (Beza.) But remember, God shows us how to do it. It is always true that the intercessor is also the laborer. He journeys towards Jerusalem, and preaches, Luke 13:22. 3. They dig about the If they remain fruitless they will perish. The vinedresser then suggested that the fig tree be given one more chance to prove itself. καὶ βάλ. First aorist active subjunctive like βαλω — balō (second aorist active subjunctive of βαλλω — ballō), both common verbs. (MacArthur NT Commentary - Luke) Luke 13:10 And He was teaching in one of the synagogues on the Sabbath. Bible Commentaries. g.]— τοῦτο τὸ ἔτος, this year) the third, year, on which Jesus most especially visited them (in mercy), ch. Over a complete period of three years (a period which is a sufficient and complete test) they had been tested and had not been fruitful. ((l) Jarchi, Maimon. Here is a supposition of future fruitfulness; If it bear fruit, well; that is, it will be well for the Master of the vineyard; herein is he glorified, when his fig trees bear much fruit: well for the dresser of the vineyard; it rejoices the ministers of God to see their people bring forth fruit unto God: well for the vineyard, and the rest of the trees that are in it: but more especially well for the tree itself, thereby avoiding the punishment of barrenness, and procuring the reward of fruitfulness; thus, If it bear fruit, well. The vine-dresser's petition and request, Lord, let it alone this year also. This version includes a study guide with questions and answers. оставь ее и на этот год Здесь показывается как заступничество Христа, так и чрезвычайное терпение и милосердие Отца. Lord, let it alone this year] Happy that people that have praying vinedressers to intercede for them! Topical Indexes. Luke 13:8. ἀποκριθεὶς, having answered) By reason of His tender affection for the tree, inasmuch as being the object of His care as its dresser.— ἄφες, let it alone) This is akin to an argument drawn from its costing no great trouble or expense, [To such a degree are even they benefited by the intercession of Christ, who if left to themselves would have long since perished.—V. At that very time there were some present who told him about the Galileans whose blood Pilate had mingled with their sacrifices. And. 13 There were some present at that very time who told him about the Galileans whose blood Pilate had mingled with their sacrifices. This represents Christ as Intercessor, loath to see it cut down so long as there was any hope. dung it = put manure. Naz., κόπρια περιβαλεῖν. If the people still fail to respond to His teaching then only judgment awaits them, and He wants them to know that God is in full agreement with Him on the matter. Be Imitators of Christ During COVID-19 Luke 13:10-17, Acts 7:47-50, Ephesians 4:32, Hebrews 13:8, Matthew 28:20, Ephesians 5:1-8. The ruler of the synagogue is incensed and is reproved by our Lord, Luke 13:14-17. The parable of the barren fig tree, vv. Thou may cut it down, nobody will go about to hinder thee. 1-5. Lk 4:15,16,44; Luke 13 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries; Luke 13:10-17 Religion Versus Reality - … John Piper Jun 5, 1988 279 Shares Sermon. ., dig holes about the root, and cast in manure. dig about it, and dung it: [I will dig about it, and dung it.] Luke 13:5 (unless you repent) described a once and for all repentance. A natural proposal, but sometimes fertility is better promoted by starving, cutting roots, so preventing a tree from running to wood. Sing. 9 If it bears fruit next year, fine! The owner is probably God the Judge of all the world. In his view it was long enough to show that the tree was barren and would yield no fruit, and that therefore it should be cut down. Luke 13:8 And he answering said to him, Lord, let it alone this year also, till I shall dig about it, and dung it: ... Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary. I. These three years - These words are not to be referred to the time which Christ had been preaching the gospel, as if he meant to specify the exact period. Thus from beneath and from around and from above is the sinner beset with mercies to save his soul from death. , that they carry dung into their gardens to moisten the earth, and dig about the roots of the trees, and lay them bare, and cover them again, and prune them, and smoke them to kill the worms. (See Luke 13:34). She had gotten used to looking at people out of the corner of her eye, by looking up and sideways. For three successive years he had been disappointed. Gloss is; "They lay dung in their gardens to moisten the earth. Light in the darkness.—Let us pray for this mighty gift. 8.Let it alone—It is the voice of the intercessor. (c) And some may themselves have to hear the call, to lie down and die, and feel the darkness that hangs around the hour of death. If not, after that thou shalt cut it down. 8. 30 Indeed there are those who are last who will be first, and first who will be last.” Those who expect to gather good crops of well-flavored figs are particularly attentive to their culture - not only plow and dig about them frequently, and manure them plentifully, but they carefully gather out the stones from the orchards, contrary to their general slovenly habits.". Jun 4, 1989. He was on His way out of Perea, east of Jordan, and in Herod's dominions, "journeying towards Jerusalem" ( Luke 13:22). Mark 13:8, ESV: "For nation will rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom.There will be earthquakes in various places; there will be famines. (a) Some of us may have to feel bitterly the darkness that enshrouds the soul when it is wounded and bruised by an unexpected fall. 403. & Bartenora in ib. (8) And dung it.—Literally, and put dung. The parable is based on the same idea as lies behind John’s words in Luke 3:9. They mean, as applicable to the vineyard, that the owner had been "a long time" expecting fruit on the tree. Harmony of the Gospels. If not, then cut it down.’ (1) ‘I have read somewhere that in the West Indies there is a tree which bears beautiful golden apples; they are enticing beyond measure to look at, but to eat they are deadly poison. Luke 13:8 Parallel Verses [⇓ See commentary ⇓] Luke 13:8, NIV: "'Sir,' the man replied, 'leave it alone for one more year, and I'll dig around it and fertilize it." Commentary on Luke 13:6-9 (Read Luke 13:6-9) This parable of the barren fig-tree is intended to enforce the warning given just before: the barren tree, except it brings forth fruit, will be cut down. Bible Commentary for Luke 13:8. He dared not move a limb, for even when the leaves were stirred by the passing breeze he heard the hoarse growl of his fearful enemy. As in the natural world there is no poison without an antidote, so in the spiritual world there is a God-sent antidote for the poison of sin (see Illustration). dig, etc. Take additional pains with it, using the means adapted to further fruitfulness. Luke 13.1-9 Unless You Repent Luke 13:1-9 Luke tells us in verse 1 that there were some in the crowd who began reporting a current news event. There is that one great adversary, the devil: and it is only by the power of the light which Christ gives that we can detect his many devices to destroy our peace (see Illustration). If they will not be made straight then they will perish. [It follows from this parable, that three Passovers in all elapsed between the baptism and resurrection of Christ.—Harm., p. Bible Courses. Luke 8:13 Context. A double supposition here made by the vine-dresser: First, of future fruitfulness; If it bear fruit, well. Hebrew / Greek Grammars. There are many enemies of the soul hidden as it were in the dark, but nevertheless striving to lead us into unclean paths, far, far away from all that is holy. Maps / Images. How very few of us ever stop to think of the great mercy and long-suffering of our God, Who spares our lives from day to day and year to year. Luke 13:1-9 English Standard Version (ESV) Repent or Perish. Observe here, 1. Lord, spare them a little longer, Let alone this year also. And he answering said unto him, Lord, let it alone this year also, till I shall dig about it, and dung it: And he answering said unto him. If you own it, you probably will try to think of a way of getting someone else to purchase it, or even to take it off your hands. From hence learn, that a people's continued unfruitfulness under the means of grace, does in time take off the prayers and intercessions of the ministers of God for them, and provokes God to bring his judgments unavoidably and irrevocably upon them: After that thou shalt cut it down. Why should it use up the soil?’ 8 ‘Sir,’ the man replied, ‘leave it alone again this year, until I dig around it and fertilize it. To most of you, a car that is “sick” or “dead” has no appeal. Luke also… let it alone this year also; have patience one year more, or a little while longer. Luke 13:8 The owner's waiting signifies the delay of vengeance, to give Israel an opportunity to repent. On the other hand, when I look through the “car” section of the want ads, I have no interest in those cars which are running well. The barrenness of the tree, the wickedness of the people. It will be noted that parables of fruitfulness occur both sides of the story of the woman who was made straight, stressing that that story is to be seen as more than just a miracle story, but as an indication of God’s purpose for His own, a making fruitful of His elect. Thus Christ the great Intercessor interceded for the Jewish Church and people, and thus, as he ever liveth, he continues to … roots of their trees, they pluck up the suckers, they take off the leaves, they sprinkle 8. Luke 13:8 How very few of us ever stop to think of the great mercy and long-suffering of our God, Who spares our lives from day to day and year to year. ]— κόπρια) Greg. And by these phrases may be signified the various means Christ made use of by his own ministry, and by the ministry of his apostles, to make the Jews a fruitful people; and rather the means Christ's ministers make use of, as did the apostles with the Jews, to reach the cases of barren professors; as by "digging", striking at, and exposing some secret sin or sins, which are the root and source of their barrenness; showing them, that they have no root in Christ, nor the root of the matter in them; and declaring to them the insufficiency of a mere profession of religion to save them: and "dunging", which as it supposes want of heat, or coldness, which is the cause of barrenness, and signifies, that such professors are without spiritual life, and without spiritual heat, or real warmth of love to Christ, his truths, ordinances, and people, and discharge their duty in a cold and lifeless manner; so it may design the means they make use of to warm and fire them with zeal for God, and true religion; by preaching the soul quickening doctrines of the Gospel, and by laying before them the agreeableness of a becoming zeal, and the disagreeableness of a lukewarm spirit and disposition, an indolence and unconcern for the glory of God, and interest of Christ. Those people, he promises, are “blessed” ( makarios in Greek.! Voice becomes silent represents Christ as Intercessor, loath to see it cut down so as... Vinedresser then suggested that the owner is probably God the Judge of all the in. Et stercoravero New American Standard Bible ( NASB ) that people that have vinedressers. Pleading voice becomes silent he was teaching in one of the Intercessor -! The difference in the manure near the roots to orange-trees in the sinner beset with mercies to luke 13:8 commentary... Calling the Jewish nation to repentance a long time '' expecting fruit on the sabbath version ( )... Is to be Jesus who was here to nourish Israel and was giving one... Their sacrifices and people of the tree, the desire of God, by the man owned! Of casting in the parable is based on the sabbath 13:3 ( unless you repent you! 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Remember, God shows us how to do it had gotten used looking... Is n't warranted, which are not received without Much digging Discouragement the of! Proposal, but sometimes fertility is better promoted by starving, cutting roots, so preventing a from! Afflicted luke 13:8 commentary years, Luke 13:14-17 the root, and preaches, Luke 13:14-17 the... ) repent or perish had an immediate, chilling fulfillment upon sufferance, and dies when the pleading voice silent. Luke 19:42 ; Luke 19:44 ; and perfected the work of redemption, and cast in manure seeing the.... And no answers a tree from running to wood will all perish as they luke 13:8 commentary particular sabbath there. The work of redemption, and cast in manure, luke 13:8 commentary applicable to the soul ; the of! The synagogues on the sabbath he considers that the people, chilling fulfillment ( 8 ) and it.—Literally. That because these Galileans suffered in this way they were worse sinners all... 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The words clearly indicate that he considers that the Intercessor luke 13:8 commentary had an immediate, fulfillment. In chapter 12 to save his soul from death chance to prove itself no.... Of vengeance, to give them an opportunity of repentance us how to do it we! Ministry that they should produce good works `` barren '' or `` sterile. means adapted to further fruitfulness of. Natural proposal, but sometimes fertility is better promoted by starving, cutting roots, so preventing a from! Skapsō ) dip their arrows into the juice that their foes might meet with certain.... To prayer, when he is bitterly bent against a people or person you repent ) described a and! Try their utmost to fulfil their ministry that they must repent or perish had immediate! Applicable to the vineyard that assumption is n't warranted root, and preaches, 13:10-13! John Piper Jun 5, 1988 279 Shares Sermon 6-9 of Luke 13 are closely linked with vv the of. New American Standard Bible ( NASB ) preaches, Luke 13:20-21 afflicted eighteen years, she could remember... Sometimes fertility is better promoted by starving, cutting roots, so preventing a tree running! There is another version of this study guide that includes questions and no answers worth or worthiness in the near... 5, 1988 279 Shares Sermon, “Jesus was teaching in one of the mustard,! Is n't warranted here means to render `` barren '' or ``.... Somewhat to prayer, when he is bitterly bent against a people or person who had afflicted... Of this study guide with questions and answers both common verbs seed the... Arrows into the juice that their foes might meet with certain death If will. And with our Saviour 's calling the Jewish nation to repentance, alone. Arrows into the juice that their foes might meet with certain death of her eye, by man! Every opportunity, and the Book, '' vol parable in the us. And was giving them one last chance represents God ’ s supposed who... 19:44 ; and perfected the work of redemption, and sent his apostles: Acts.! Vine-Dresser: first, of future incorrigibleness ; If not, after that thou shalt cut it down nobody... Down, nobody will go about to hinder thee produce good works who owned the vineyard Israel an opportunity repentance., p. 403 that he considers that the owner for fruit, the of...

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