[212], Before the discovery of oil, the economy of the Qatari region focused on fishing and pearl hunting. On 3 November 1916, the sheikh of Qatar entered into treaty relations with the United Kingdom. Portugal went on to seize a significant portion of Eastern Arabia in 1521. Doha is located in Qatar (Baladīyat ad Dawḩah) and time zone Asia/Qatar. The UN Committee Against Torture found that these practices constituted a breach of the obligations imposed by the UN Convention Against Torture. As of 2013[update], the holdings were valued at $100 billion in assets. The GPS coordinates of Qatar are a latitude of 25.3548° N and a longitude of 51.1839° E. Located in the Middle East, Qatar is situated in the northern hemisphere as well as the eastern hemisphere. But the country's population has soared to 1.83 million by the end of 2012, showing 7.5% growth over the previous year. Qatar allowed coalition troops from Canada to use the country as an airbase to launch aircraft on CAP duty and also permitted air forces from the United States and France to operate in its territories. [211], In 2008 Qatar launched its National Vision 2030 which highlights environmental development as one of the four main goals for Qatar over the next two decades. 12 of 2006 concerning the Cancelled Municipality of Mesaieed", "National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan. [144] The cable suggested that Qatar's security service was "hesitant to act against known terrorists out of concern for appearing to be aligned with the U.S. and provoking reprisals". [258] Reflecting the multicultural make-up of the country, many other languages are also spoken, including Persian, Baluchi, Brahui, Hindi, Malayalam, Urdu, Pashto, Kannada, Tamil, Telugu, Nepali, Sinhalese, Bengali, Tagalog, and Indonesian. [192] New draft legislation announced in early 2015 mandates that companies that fail to pay workers' wages on time could temporarily lose their ability to hire more employees. [114][115] Sharia law is applied to family law, inheritance, and several criminal acts (including adultery, robbery and murder). [71] After the introduction of the Japanese cultured pearl onto the world market in the 1920s and 1930s, Qatar's pearling industry crashed. Egypt closed its airspace and seaports to all Qatari transportation. [268], The National Museum of Qatar was opened to the public on 28 March 2019. [310], In 2012, Qatar was ranked third from the bottom of the 65 OECD countries participating in the PISA test of maths, reading and skills for 15- and 16-year-olds, comparable to Colombia or Albania, despite having the highest per capita income in the world. [267] The Qatari cultural sector is being developed to enable the country to reach world recognition to contribute to the development of a country that comes mainly from its resources from the gas industry. In 2014, it replaced the former Doha International Airport as Qatar's principal airport. [248] In 2010, Qatar's population was 67.7% Muslim, 13.8% Christian, 13.8% Hindu, and 3.1% Buddhist; other religions and religiously unaffiliated people accounted for the remaining 1.6%. [151][154], In Egypt, Qatar supported the first ever democratically elected Islamist [177], The Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) found that in 2010–14 Qatar was the 46th-largest arms importer in the world. In 1915, with the presence of British gunboats in the harbour, Abdullah bin Jassim Al Thani (who was pro-British) persuaded the remainder to abandon the fort and, when British troops approached the following morning, they found it deserted. In 1971, Qatar received sovereignty, coming out … [217][218] Qatar has been criticized by the International Trade Union Confederation. [19], The combined number of South Asians (from the countries of the Indian subcontinent including Sri Lanka) by themselves represent over 1.5 million people (60%) of Qatar's population. [109] A Consultative Assembly has limited legislative authority to draft and approve laws, but the Emir has final say on all matters. Exploitation and development were, however, delayed by World War II.[83]. [290] A 2014 investigation by The Guardian reports that migrant workers who have been constructing luxurious offices for the organisers of the 2022 World Cup have not been paid in over a year, and are now "working illegally from cockroach-infested lodgings. [129][130] Muslims are not allowed to consume alcohol, and those caught consuming it are liable to flogging or deportation. [233] On the northern coast, Ras Laffan Port serves as the most extensive LNG exporting facility in the world. The airport, too, is expanding capacity to keep up with rising visitor numbers. [49] The region was not limited to Qatar; it also included Bahrain, Tarout Island, Al-Khatt, and Al-Hasa. Shopping abounds in the city's plentiful malls, while the Corniche impresses visitors with picturesque architecture and dazzling views of the harbor. [298] [249] Sharia law is the main source of Qatari legislation according to Qatar's Constitution. Qatar is a country in the Middle East that gained independence from Britain in 1971. In the north, Qatar is surrounded by the Persian Gulf, as is the eastern shore. Al Da'asa, a settlement located on the western coast of Qatar, is the most important Ubaid site in the country and is believed to have accommodated a small seasonal encampment. Qatar's defense expenditures accounted for approximately 4.2% of gross national product in 1993, and 1.5% of gross domestic product in 2010, the most recent year available in the SIPRI statistical database. New Qatar National Museum…a journey in a world of fantasy! The 2010 census recorded the total population at 1,699,435. [134] The alcohol ban was later lifted. Fearing that he would face death or imprisonment, Jassim retreated to Al Wajbah (16 km or 10 mi west of Doha), accompanied by several tribe members. Ahmed Rashid, writing in the Financial Times, stated that through the office Qatar has "facilitated meetings between the Taliban and many countries and organisations, including the US state department, the UN, Japan, several European governments and non-governmental organisations, all of whom have been trying to push forward the idea of peace talks. [23] Qatar is a World Bank high-income economy, backed by the world's third-largest natural gas reserves and oil reserves. [283] For the first time in the country's history, the Qatar national football team won the AFC Asian Cup in the 2019 edition hosted in the UAE, beating Japan 3–1 in the final. To the southeast lies the Khor al Adaid ("Inland Sea"), an area of rolling sand dunes surrounding an inlet of the Persian Gulf. After they withdrew to Al Bidda fortress, Jassim's advancing column besieged the fortress, resulting in the Ottomans' concession of defeat and agreement to relinquish their captives in return for the safe passage of Mehmed Pasha's cavalry to Hofuf by land. [84] Oil exports began in 1949, and oil revenues became the country's main source of revenue, the pearl trade having gone into decline. It occupies a small peninsula itself (Qatar Peninsula) and is surrounded by the waters of the Persian Gulf. Qatar is bordered by the Persian Guld and Saudi Arabia to the south. His mission to Bahrain and Qatar and the resulting peace treaty were milestones because they implicitly recognised the distinctness of Qatar from Bahrain and explicitly acknowledged the position of Mohammed bin Thani. With the economy recovering in the 1990s, expatriate populations, particularly from Egypt and South Asia, have grown again. Non-Muslim expatriates can obtain a permit to purchase alcohol for personal consumption. Qatar (/ˈkætɑːr/,[10] /ˈkɑːtɑːr/ (listen), /ˈkɑːtər/ or /kəˈtɑːr/ (listen);[11] Arabic: قطر Qaṭar [ˈqatˤar]; local vernacular pronunciation: [ˈɡɪtˤɑr]),[12][13] officially the State of Qatar (Arabic: دولة قطر Dawlat Qaṭar), is a country located in Western Asia, occupying the small Qatar Peninsula on the northeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula. At the senior level, Qatar has played host to two editions of the AFC Asian Cup; the first coming being the 9th edition in 1988 and the second being the 15th edition held in 2011. The program encompasses the STEM fields and languages. In turn, the Qatari government's spending plans had to be cut to match lower income. [40] It has been suggested that Qatar is the earliest known site of shellfish dye production, owing to a Kassite purple dye industry which existed on the coast. [273] Al Jazeera is a main television network headquartered in Doha, Qatar. [108] The Emir has the exclusive power to appoint and remove the prime minister and cabinet ministers who, together, constitute the Council of Ministers, which is the supreme executive authority in the country. Along with Qatar, the Arabian Peninsula is made up of Saudi Arabia, Oman, Yemen, Kuwait, Bahrain, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). [135], In 2014, a modesty campaign was launched to remind tourists of the country's restrictive dress code. In the medical community, and in situations such as the training of nurses to work in Qatar, English acts as a lingua franca. State of Qatar", "Fossil CO2 and GHG emissions of all world countries : 2019 report", "Qatar to use biofuels? [274] Criticism of the government, Emir and ruling family in the media is illegal. Qatar's military participated in the Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen against the Shia Houthis. In early 2017, Qatar's total population was 2.6 million, with foreigners making up a vast majority of Qatar's population. The US is the major equipment supplier for Qatar's oil and gas industry, and US companies are playing a major role in North Field gas development. Along with Qatar, the Arabian Peninsula is made up of Saudi Arabia, Oman, Yemen, Kuwait, Bahrain, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The rollout of these initial taxes is believed to be due to the fall in oil prices and a deficit that the country faced in 2016. It is at a magical meridian that breathes in both the northern and eastern hemispheres. English is commonly used as a second language,[256] and a rising lingua franca, especially in commerce, to the extent that steps are being taken to try to preserve Arabic from English's encroachment. [50], In 628, Muhammad sent a Muslim envoy to a ruler in Eastern Arabia named Munzir ibn Sawa Al Tamimi and requested that he and his subjects accept Islam. Following Ottoman rule, Qatar became a British protectorate in the early 20th century until gaining independence in 1971. Taking only the entire area into consideration, Qatar is the 158th largest country across the globe. Qatar is the world's biggest buyer in the art market by value. ", "Qatar retracts support for China's detention of Uighur Muslims", "Activists hail Qatar withdrawal from pro-China text over Uighurs", "Population By Gender, Municipality And Zone, March 2004", "Population By Gender, Municipality And Zone", "Law No. [300], Qatar hired the RAND Corporation to reform its K–12 education system. In July 2019, Amman appointed a new ambassador to Qatar, who had been withdrawn in 2017 in support of the Gulf-Arab allies. Its capital is Doha, The Emir announced Qatar's plans to hold its first national legislative elections in 2013. [102], Qatar is either a constitutional[14][15] or an absolute monarchy[17][103] ruled by the Al Thani family. [129][134] No explanation was given for the ban,[129][130] though speculation included encouraging a more pious image before a significant election and rumours of a financial dispute between the government and resort developers. Over 100 stone-built houses, two mosques, and an Abbasid fort were constructed in Murwab during this period. In some cases, Sharia-based family courts treat a female's testimony as being worth half that of a man. In December 2019, the Qatari World Cup officials approached the Glastonbury Festival chiefs and the organizers of the Coachella festival to plan huge desert campsites for thousands of football fans. [53] Ships voyaging from Basra to India and China would make stops in Qatar's ports during this period. [250], The Christian population is composed almost entirely of foreigners. [citation needed] In June 2017, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and Bahrain cut off diplomatic relations with Qatar, citing the country's alleged support of groups they considered to be extremist. [241] The influx of male labourers has skewed the gender balance, and women are now just one-quarter of the population. [259], In 2012, Qatar joined the international French-speaking organisation of La Francophonie (OIF) as a new associate member, but in December 2013, the French daily Le Monde revealed that Qatar, which has very few native French speakers, had not yet paid any contribution to the OIF,[260] while the outgoing Administrator of the OIF complained in 2015 that Qatar had not kept any of the promises it made when it joined the organisation and had never paid its annual membership fees.[261]. The increased influence of Qatar and its role during the Arab Spring, especially during the Bahraini uprising in 2011, worsened longstanding tensions with Saudi Arabia, the neighboring United Arab Emirates (UAE), and Bahrain. Qatar is an oil-rich peninsula sharing border with the Persian Gulf and Saudi Arabia, strategically located near major petroleum deposits. [239] At the time of the first census, held in 1970, the population was 111,133. [200], Since 2014, Qatar has been divided into eight municipalities (Arabic: baladiyah). [89], Judicial corporal punishment is common in Qatar due to the Wahhabi interpretation of Sharia Law, although in Qatar it had originally been a Hanbali school of mainstream Sunnism. [168] Saudi Arabia explained the move to be a necessary measure in protecting the kingdom's security. "[161] The Foreign Minister of Qatar has denied supporting Hamas, saying that the country "[does] not support Hamas[,] but support[s] the Palestinians. More than two-fifths of Qatar’s population lives within the city’s limits. [302] Citizens are required to attend government-provided education from kindergarten through high school. According to article 46 of the press law "The Emir of the state of Qatar shall not be criticised and no statement can be attributed to him unless under a written permission from the manager of his office. Qatar’s GPS Coordinates The GPS coordinates of Qatar are a latitude of 25.3548° N and a longitude of 51.1839° E. Located in the Middle East, Qatar is situated in the northern hemisphere as well as the eastern hemisphere. "[162] Following a peace agreement, Qatar pledged $1 billion in humanitarian aid to Gaza. [177][301], The illiteracy rate in Qatar was 3.1% for males and 4.2% for females in 2012, the lowest in the Arab-speaking world, but 86th in the world. In early 2017, Qatar's total population was 2.6 million: 313,000 Qatari citizens and 2.3 million expatriates. 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