The water jet diameter can be as small as 50 μm. The above data and calculation is theoretical and may not truly reflect the capability our laser machines provide. In addition these lasers are the work horse of aerospace drilling applications with material thickness >25 mm. To eliminate/minimize high oxidation reactions, an inert assisting gas is used to shield the cutting section from oxygen, which in turn suppresses high temperature oxidation reactions during the cutting process. Laser Cutting Power & Speed. In addition, special 'laser grade' steels have been developed with compositions which are claimed to be beneficial for laser cutting, and th… In the present study, laser straight cutting of Ti-6Al-4V alloy is carried out. Generally speaking, the larger the laser power, the thicker the cutting board and the faster-cutting speed. When cutting low carbon steel with laser power of 800 W, standard roughness Rz is 10 μm for sheet thickness of 1 mm, 20 μm for 3 mm, and 25 μm for 6 mm. Under certain plate thickness and cutting speed, there is an optimal range of laser power. They introduced a factorial analysis for different processing parameters and employed the statistical tests to identify the significant levels of each factor. Laser cutting of titanium alloy sheet was carried out by Shanjin and Yang (2006). http://am.co.za/ You are always more than welcome to do a test cut on your material with our demo machines. The method, often in combination with high-frequency pulsing, is also suitable for very precise cuts of relatively small sizes in difficult materials, such as diamond, ruby, sapphire, ceramics etc. This occurs on both sides if the beam waste (smallest spot size). The automotive industry, for example, uses Nd:YAG lasers for 3D cutting of vehicle bodies. It was stated that the use of oxygen as an assist gas leads to a slight increase in cutting speed. The cutting head has a lens system that focuses the beam at a point whose size is usually less than 0.2 mm in diameter. http://am.co.za/ This is to say, for melt and blown cutting on metal, except stronger air pressure requirements, as the cutting air compound may require to be replaced with oxygen or other metal cutting assistance gas for better cutting quality. Thus, cutting heads incorporate a system consisting of a capacitive sensor and an additional axis that fixes the distance of the head from the part surface. http://am.co.za/ Customized lenses will provide any FL, commonly commercially available lenses are: indicates the Zinc-Selenide (ZnSe) Lenses we sell and the price associated with Lens diameter ( Φ ). Piercing is a drilling process (see Section 1.4.2). (2001). It was shown that ‘crack-free’ cutting, the length of micro-cracks being limited to the grain size, could be obtained by using a high-speed and multi-pass feed cutting process. On the other hand, the gas is also used for the evacuation of the material outside the cutting area. The energy efficiency associated with the hole cutting process, therefore, is influenced by these parameters. Moreover, the end product quality of the cut holes is also influenced by the same parameters. Finally, it was found that tiles with a thickness of up to 13 mm can be cut with an acceptable cutting speed at a laser power of 1200 W. A dual-laser-beam method was proposed by Jiao and Wang87 to cut glass substrates to improve the cutting quality. B. Yilbas, ... O. Keles, in Materials and Surface Engineering, 2012. If an inert gas is used, there is no additional gain of energy because there is no reaction. 2.2) can be achieved. Machining of carbon composite materials with the excimer laser was investigated by Hodgson et al. It was concluded that a reduction of process-induced crack formation is vital for the commercial use of lasers in cutting ceramic tiles. The heat-affected zone in laser grooving of unidirectional fiber-reinforced plastics was investigated by Pan and Hocheng (6). Pulsed CO2 laser cutting of Si3N4 engineering ceramics has been studied by Hong et al.82 They developed a model to investigate the effect of the cut front shape on the absorption of the laser beam. Our TruCUT 90W CO2 Laser is suitable for laser marking, laser cutting and laser engraving which is the ideal choice of laser cut on thin plates include perspex, softwood etc, http://am.co.za/ laser cloth cutting and marble marking. They indicated that the cost-effective laser produced microvia holes at a rate of 100 blind microvia holes per second. Sheet metal parts 1/8 inch thick and less cut with a Fiber laser machine. The literature review has shown that there is a lack of information regarding the CO2 laser cutting of some standard engineering materials such as some polymeric, wood, MDF and GFRP, etc. Engraving speed: Depending on the materials you are engraving, you will see increases in speed with higher wattage laser tubes. The higher the laser beam power density, the quicker the material is brought to a molten state, the faster the feed rate. Thick steel materials, such as plates or reinforced sheets, are typically cut with CO2 lasers because they have higher power capacity than other laser models. Many sheet metal applications with material thickness ranging from 0.03 to 0.08 inch (0.75 to 2 millimeters) are welded at higher speeds, while thick-section welding applications tend to require slower travel rates. However, laser cutting of brittle materials can often result in undesirable micro-cracking, cut path deviation and undesirable heat effects such as recasts, spatter and debris. Maximum laser cutting thickness for different laser power, W.M. For a first approximation in 2D, we have defined this Energy level as the Power of the Laser x the Laser Focal Surface divided by the Translation Speed. The laser beam is typically 0.2 mm (0.008 in) diameter at the cutting surface with a power of 1000 to 2000 watts. More precisely, when we cut a piece of material we notice that the kerf, or the thickness of the cut, depends on the overall energy that we are focusing onto a point on a work surface. Laser melting of titanium and other alloys in relation to machining applications was examined by Shen et al. More precisely, when we cut a piece of material we notice that the kerf, or the thickness of the cut, depends on the overall energy that we are focusing onto a point on a work surface. A comparison of experimental results using high-power CO2 and diode lasers under roughly equivalent experimental conditions has been presented by Crouse et al.88 It was found that the multimode diode laser produces a higher penetration rate when compared with the CO2 laser under equivalent experimental conditions. The use of this gas generates exothermic oxidation reactions (similar to that used in oxy-fuel). 2.2. They also looked into the effects on cutting of using various shield gases. Despite the use of a low output of 6-kW, the cutting was successful for both stainless steel and carbon steel plates of up to 100 mm in thickness. Laser cutting of titanium with pulsed Nd: YAG laser was carried out by Maher and Tong (1998). machine. Sahin et al. The surface coating on the sheet steels is also found to have an important influence on the cutting process, which can be explained due to its effect on the chemical composition and melting point. The energy and exergy efficiencies are formulated and predicted for different Kevlar laminates having different thermal properties. Systematic laboratory experiments were conducted, and the effects of the processing parameters were analyzed that included the cutting speed, assisted gas pressure, average laser power and pulse energy. Thus, there exists a critical laser line-power and laser speed combination in order to obtain a high quality edge in terms of its geometry, making the thickness a sensitive parameter in laser cutting. There is also little fume but there is the disadvantage of the small amount of water for water sensitive materials, order of 0.21/min. (2005). 3. In another report commercially-available ceramic tiles were cut using a CO2 laser cutting machine, with the object of producing a laser beam machining (LBM) database that would contain the essential parameter information for successful processing. The higher power QCW lasers with 20 kW of pulsed power and 2 kW of average power make it now possible to cut both thick and thin materials utilizing the same laser. Moreover, they reported that those undesirable thermal effects can be reduced even more by using a high cutting speed and multiple passes. 5kW CO2 laser systems. These lasers are also frequency doubled, tripled or quadrupled to produce 532 nm (green, visible), 355 nm and 266 nm (UV) beams, respectively. When engraving a material like wood at 100% power, you would see the following changes in speed used to achieve the same depth depending on the power of your laser tube: 30w – 20% speed. The Nd:YAG beam can be conducted by fibre optics, which makes the equipment more flexible, permitting cutting in various positions and at different distances from the laser source. The findings revealed that argon as an assisting gas provided a shielding effect in the cutting section while reducing the oxidation reactions. The laser cutting machine cutting speed, cutting speed depends on the laser power density and the cut material thermo-physical properties and thickness. If you have already measured the focal length and material thickness, you can enter the thickness in Printing Auto Mode. To optimize the process, the best laser beam focus position was found to be underneath the sheet surface. They also examined the effects of various shield gases, of multi-pass cutting and of underwater cutting. Our TruCUT 100W CO2 Laser is suitable for leather carving and hollowing-out or embossing, http://am.co.za/ cloth cutting, lampshade making, signs, marks and artwork processing and truly boasts excellent engraving and cutting performances. Laser Cutting Thickness and Speed Chart. The maximum cutting rate (production rate) is limited by a number of factors including laser power, material thickness, process type (reactive or inert), and material properties. This experimental study investigates the influence of laser power, scan speed and laser energy density on the melt pool formation, surface morphology, Heating is achieved by focusing a laser beam on the surface of the part. At the same time, a gas flow is injected coaxially into the laser beam. In this way the system can correct the irregularities that may exist in the part (Figure 5.13). For a first approximation in 2D, we have defined this Energy level as the Power of the Laser x the Laser Focal Surface divided by the Translation Speed. These low-power lasers (a few milliwatts) use an electric discharge to create a low-pressure plasma in a glass tube; nearly all emit in the red at 633 nm. Our Low Power TruCUT CO2 Laser is suitable for fine surface engraving. They showed that laser cutting with high frequency and low duty cycle pulse modes produced dross-free cuts with an unnoticeable heat affected zone. The operator should be aware of the power level of the machine to know the maximum thickness that can be cut cleanly. The rule of thumb is: For every 1 mm of acrylic sheet thickness, 10 watt of laser power must be used to achieve a high quality cut. In PIV or PLIF experiments, the limitation of laser-sheet thickness is 0.5mm. Laser cutting can be complementary to the CNC/Turret process. The water jet is sufficiently strong to give a high level of parallelism to the cut and very low heat affected zone (HAZ). It was found that to achieve crack-free cuts the process parameters must be as follows: the cutting speed must be between 0.23 and 0.42 mm s-1, when the laser head moves with a speed of 3 mm s-1, the piercing time must be between 0.1 and 0.5 s, the piercing pitch must be between 0.03 and 0.05 mm. They succeeded in presenting the effect of the cutting parameters on the cut geometry. They indicated that momentum coupling coefficient varied linearly with the laser intensity while the specific mass removal rate was independent of the laser beam intensity. Typical travel speeds for production laser welding processes range from 40 to 400 inches per minute (IPM) (1 to 10 meters/minute). They showed that the end product quality of laser-cut sections improved after the proper selection of the cutting parameters. Material thickness and performance for the two laser types are evolving; some manufacturers claim better performance for fiber lasers today. They developed a model to predict the cut geometry and stress levels in the cut region. 1%) for Laser Power and turn on the laser beam. They showed that the thermal damage across the fibers was limited to a narrow zone for carbon fibers due to low thermal conductivity of parallel situated fibers. This situation is controlled by the laser cutting parameters, such as cutting speed, laser power output, etc. The objective of using the gas in this case is the material evacuation of the cutting area. (12) studied laser cutting of metallic plates and the efficiency of the process. It was observed that the inclination of the striation is most affected by the interaction time, with assist gas pressure having a secondary effect and irradiance playing a minor role. Figure 5.14 shows the maximum thickness that can be achieved at different powers of CO2 lasers for aluminium, stainless steel and carbon steel sheets (Trumpf, 2000). http://am.co.za/ General speaking, the laser cutting machines require to achieve laser efficiency higher than 90% with laser beam travel distance less than 3 metres. Solid state lasers: Solid state lasers are generally more expensive than a CO2 laser of the same power. However, there may be a further problem with high brightness beams because the intensity is such that the temperatures achieved are unusually high, causing the iron-oxygen reaction to reverse from oxidation to reduction with a consequent loss of heat input and irregular cutting. Laser cutting of memory shape alloys was studied by Pfeifer et al. Volume absorption (using a laser beam that is partially transparent to the material to be cut) has been found to enable rapid cutting of transparent and semi-transparent materials by the generation of a single crack at temperatures well below the melting or phase transition temperatures. Multiple combinations of laser power and scan speed are used for single bead fabrication while the laser beam diameter and powder layer thickness are kept constant. Hong and Lijum85 have investigated the laser cutting of SiN4 ceramics. (2005). Inert gas cutting of titanium sheet with pulsed mode CO2 laser was examined by Rao et al. 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